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运行docker容器-2

  • Caijxlinux
  • Kubernetes
  • 2024-04-24
  • 1873热度
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运行docker容器-2

以交互式方法启动并进入容器，输入 exit，退出容器，退出之后容器也会停止，不会再前台运行

[root@docker-master ~]# docker run --name=interaction -it centos /bin/bash
[root@5fe47ff37013 /]# exit
exit
[root@docker-master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
5fe47ff37013   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 7 seconds ago             interaction
参数 解释
--name 容器的名称
-i 交互式
-t 分配伪终端
centos 启动 docker 需要的镜像
/bin/bash shell 类型为 bash，bash shell 是最常用的一种 shell, 是大多数 Linux 发行版默
认的 shell。 此外还有 C shell 等其它 shell

以守护进程方式退出容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker run --name=interaction_d -td centos
992d6658b8f44e9558babf0f920368a55e03d252ebe5603e3088415036c837a8
[root@docker-master ~]# docker ps | grep interaction_d
992d6658b8f4   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             interaction_d
参数 解释
-d 在后台运行 docker

查看正在运行的容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
992d6658b8f4   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             interaction_d

查看所有容器，包括运行和退出状态的容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
40f68a85b7e4   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Exited (0) 1 second ago             interaction
992d6658b8f4   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                        interaction_d

停止容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker stop interaction_d
interaction_d

启动已经停止的容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker start interaction
interaction

进入容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker exec -it interaction /bin/bash
[root@40f68a85b7e4 /]#

删除容器，容器需要处于退出状态，否则会出现错误提示

[root@docker-master ~]# docker rm interaction
Error response from daemon: cannot remove container "/interaction": container is running: stop the container before removing or force remove
[root@docker-master ~]# docker stop interaction
interaction
[root@docker-master ~]# docker rm interaction
interaction

查看docker帮助命令

[root@docker-master ~]# docker --help

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Common Commands:
  run         Create and run a new container from an image
  exec        Execute a command in a running container
  ps          List containers
...省略部分输出...
通过docker部署nginx服务

运行以centos为基础，名称为nginx的容器

[root@docker-master ~]# docker run --name=nginx -p 80 -itd centos
3331fc2004eb247a9f6038eb1be763005b4889a142dfc57e8d50aea0df099aa8
参数 解释
-p 把容器端口随机在物理机随机映射一个端口

查看物理机映射的端口号和容器运行状态

[root@docker-master ~]# docker ps | grep nginx
3331fc2004eb   centos    "/bin/bash"   17 seconds ago   Up 16 seconds   0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   nginx

进入容器内部，并查看容器自身的IP地址

[root@docker-master ~]# docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash
[root@3331fc2004eb /]# ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
16: eth0@if17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

yum命令安装nginx服务、wget和vim工具，但此处会报错（某些镜像可能不会报错，视镜像而定）

[root@3331fc2004eb /]# yum -y install wget nginx vim
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                                                                   65  B/s |  38  B     00:00    
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

删除旧仓库文件，下载阿里云的仓库文件

[root@3331fc2004eb /]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@3331fc2004eb /]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0  21508      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 21324

重新下载软件

[root@3331fc2004eb /]# yum -y install wget nginx vim
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                                                                                                                                 497 kB/s | 4.6 MB     00:09    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                                                                                                                                43 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00    
...忽略部分输出...

创建静态页面

[root@3331fc2004eb /]# mkdir -p /var/www/html
[root@3331fc2004eb /]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<html>
    <head>
        <title>nginx in docker</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>hello,I am Caijx</h1>
    </body>
</html>

修改nginx配置文件中root路径

[root@3331fc2004eb /]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /var/www/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
        }

启动nginx服务

[root@3331fc2004eb /]# /usr/sbin/nginx

通过物理主机IP+映射端口或容器IP+网页端口访问网页

[root@docker-master ~]# curl 192.168.132.167:32768
<html>
    <head>
        <title>nginx in docker</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>hello,I am Caijx</h1>
    </body>
</html>
[root@docker-master ~]# curl 172.17.0.2:80
<html>
    <head>
        <title>nginx in docker</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>hello,I am Caijx</h1>
    </body>
</html>

流量走向：访问物理节点 ip:port（容器在物理节点映射的端口）--->容器 ip:port（容器里部署的服务的端口）--->就可以访问到容器里部署的应用了